Customs entries on imported merchandise involve calculating duties and taxes based on commodity classification (HTS), country of origin, and transaction value, along with special notes. In previous posts we have discussed the importance of making sure that correct HTS codes are used. In most cases the commercial invoice or CI value is used for duty calculation. In situations where the transaction is not so clear Customs has established an “appraisement hierarchy” to determine entry value. The details can be found in US Customs and Border Protection regulations 19 CFR part 152. From the archives here is a quick summary:
Appraisement Hierarchy
1) Transaction Value- actual invoice value
2) Transaction Value of identical merchandise- same country, same class and kind
3) Transaction Value of similar merchandise- same country, commercially interchangeable
4) Deductive Value – start with US retail selling price and deduct commissions, transportation, insurance, duty/tax, and value of further processing
5) Computed Value- sum of the following. Importer can request computed instead of deductive.
- Cost of Materials
- Cost of Labor
- Cost of Packaging
- Profit
- Overhead
- G&A
6) Value if other values cannot be determined- if the value of imported merchandise cannot be determined it will be appraised on the basis of a value derived from the methods set forth in parts 152.103 thru 152.106.
Transaction Value cannot be used and the hierarchy comes into play when:
- There is a restriction on sale (except geographic)
- Merchandise is sold on consignment
- There is a barter transaction
- There is “goodwill” value involved
- Parties are related, unless relationship did not influence price
Unacceptable bases of appraisement:
- The selling price in the US of merchandise produced in the US
- A system that provides for the appraisement of imported merchandise at the higher of two alternative values
- The price of merchandise in the domestic market of the country of exportation
- A cost of production other than a value determined under 152.06
- The price of merchandise for export to a country other than the US
- Minimum values for appraisement
- Arbitrary or fictitious values
Contact mitch@52.91.45.227 for assistance.