All posts by mitch
Customs Broker Exam Tips Re-Visited
If you are planning to take the customs brokers exam in April you should be well into your preparations by now. In a previous post I shared the prep strategies that worked for me. Here is the info again with the key steps highlighted. Best of luck but don’t rely on luck.
According to CBP Customs and Border Protection passing rates for the customs brokers exam average only 3-11% nationwide. The test is given twice per year in April and October. It consists of 80 multiple choice questions and a passing grade is 75%. The exam is open book which makes it seem easy. However, the books consist of the HTUS Harmonized Tariff of the United States and CFR 19 Code of Federal Regulations, totaling hundreds of pages. The difficulty is in being able to quickly access the right section for each question. It is a four hour exam so three minutes per question is not much time.
I took a prep course in Boston taught by Atty. Mary Wright. The class met two nights per week for 6 weeks prior to the exam. Mary explained the material very thoroughly from her background as a customs attorney and prior experience as an import specialist for CBP. We also reviewed previous exams in class. As good as this class was, I would not have been able to pass the exam without additional study. I estimate that I spent about 40-50 hours on weekends leading up to the exam.
I used 6 previous exams and a 3 step process. In step 1 I took each test for accuracy, ignoring the clock. In step 2 I took the tests again in the same order, while timing myself to make sure I could finish within 4 hours. I believe that step 3 was the key to my success. For this phase I circled all the questions I had missed in steps 1 and 2 and created a separate mini exam which I took several times until I answered all the questions correctly.
2015 Schedule B Codes
Schedule B codes have been updated for 2015. Best practices for exporters include checking to make sure Schedule B codes are up to date. Using obsolete or inaccurate codes can mean customs delays, onerous re-work and lengthy communications with customs agencies in destination countries, as well as possible fines and penalties. Take the time now to verify codes and update your parts lists.
For help contact mitch@52.91.45.227
Mitch’s Article Featured in AST&L Newsletter
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What is EAR 99?
When the ECCN (Export Control Classification Number) comes up on export documents most shippers automatically enter EAR 99. For license questions NLR (No License Required) is often used as a default exception. While these may be the correct entries, it is a good business practice to check and confirm. Here is some info from a previous post.
As part of any Export Management Program, exporters need to make sure they are using correct commodity classifications and license exceptions. While freight forwarders can provide expertise in these areas the exporter bears primary responsibility for compliance. If you are automatically using NLR and EAR 99 you may be at risk. According to EAR part 732 “For items subject to EAR but not listed in CCL the proper classification is EAR 99. EAR 99 is a basket for items not specified under CCL and appears at the end of each Category on the CCL.”
If you need help contact mitch@52.91.45.227
Incoterms Project
Ad Hoc Logistics is currently helping a client resolve a conflict between Incoterms and Liner terms. In this transaction the Incoterm used is incompatible with the Liner term resulting in a dispute over payment of some fees. Following is some basic info from a previous post about Incoterms.
For help with Incoterms contact mitch@52.91.45.227
Incoterms Basics
Incoterms are rules used to facilitate global trade. Incoterms were created and are administered by the International Chamber of Commerce and are updated every 10 years. Incoterms 2010 published by ICC Services Publications, Paris FR is a very good reference. Some of the important points covered in the book are:
- Incoterms must be in the contract of sale to apply
- > 120 countries have endorsed Incoterms 2010
- Now 11 rules in 2 groups
- 2 new rules deal with geographic place
- Incoterms is not a law…older versions can be used as long as all parties agree
- Incoterms replaces Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) in domestic commerce
- for reference www.iccbooksusa.com
- Incoterms cover;
- Who does what
- Who pays for what
- When risk of goods passes from seller to buyer
- Who is responsible for insurance, export clearance, import clearance, and other costs pertaining to delivery of goods
- Incoterms do not cover;
- Ownership or title to goods
- Payment terms
- Detailed requirements
- Complete contract of sale
Incoterms 2010 includes several rules changes:
- Now referred to as rules not terms
- Remove DAF DES DDU DEQ
- New Rules DAT DAP
- 2 Groups…Any Mode and Ocean/Inland Waterway Only
- Any Mode…EXW FCA CPT CIP DAT DAP DDP
- Ocean or Inland Waterway Only…FAS FOB CFR CIF
Attached chart is a quick guide to Incoterms 2010
Exporting Best Practices for 2015
Do you want to get a handle on export compliance in 2015? Implementing a formal Export Management Compliance Program can be quite intimidating and expensive, especially for small and medium sized companies. An EMCP requires a significant commitment of time on the part of management and usually involves hiring an outside consultant for the initial set up. There is no question that a written EMCP is a good investment for any company to make. An EMCP establishes clear accountability, written instructions, and reduces risk of non compliance. If the exporter has not experienced problems or incurred any fines it is easy to make an EMCP a “back burner” issue. If your company has not implemented an EMCP it is still good business practice to take some basic compliance steps. While these steps cannot take the place of a written EMCP they will help reduce risk of non compliance. To get started I suggest the following:
- Review and confirm correct Harmonized and Schedule B codes
- Check EAR regulations for correct exception codes and license or NLR designations
- If exporting under ITAR you need a responsible trained officer
- Check common “Red Flags” such as denied parties lists, entities lists, and unverified lists
- Review export documentation for possible improvements
Contact mitch@52.91.45.227 for help.
Red Flags (cont.)
In a previous post I discussed Red Flags to be aware of in export transactions. Here is more detail from the Bureau of Industry and Security about the Consolidated Screening List. The Department of Commerce lists that are included in the Consolidated Screening List are: Denied Persons List, Unverified List, and Entity List. For help with export compliance contact mitch@52.91.45.227
Consolidated Screening List
Prior to taking any further actions, users are to consult the requirements of the specific list on which the company, entity or person is identified by reviewing the webpage of the agency responsible for such list. The links below will connect you to the specific webpage where additional information about how to use each specific list is contained.
Department of Commerce – Bureau of Industry and Security
- Denied Persons List – Individuals and entities that have been denied export privileges. Any dealings with a party on this list that would violate the terms of its denial order are prohibited.
- Unverified List – End-users who BIS has been unable to verify in prior transactions. The presence of a party on this list in a transaction is a “Red Flag” that should be resolved before proceeding with the transaction.
- Entity List – Parties whose presence in a transaction can trigger a license requirement supplemental to those elsewhere in the Export Administration Regulations (EAR). The list specifies the license requirements and policy that apply to each listed party.
Red Flags
Here is a list from the Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) website of things to look for in an export transaction. My next post will discuss “Lists of Parties of Concern” including “Denied Persons”. Make sure you are not doing business with the bad guys. A little due diligence up front saves a lot of trouble later on.
- The customer or its address is similar to one of the parties found on the Commerce Department’s [BIS’] list of denied persons.
- The customer or purchasing agent is reluctant to offer information about the end-use of the item.
- The product’s capabilities do not fit the buyer’s line of business, such as an order for sophisticated computers for a small bakery.
- The item ordered is incompatible with the technical level of the country to which it is being shipped, such as semiconductor manufacturing equipment being shipped to a country that has no electronics industry.
- The customer is willing to pay cash for a very expensive item when the terms of sale would normally call for financing.
- The customer has little or no business background.
- The customer is unfamiliar with the product’s performance characteristics but still wants the product.
- Routine installation, training, or maintenance services are declined by the customer.
- Delivery dates are vague, or deliveries are planned for out of the way destinations.
- A freight forwarding firm is listed as the product’s final destination.
- The shipping route is abnormal for the product and destination.
- Packaging is inconsistent with the stated method of shipment or destination.
- When questioned, the buyer is evasive and especially unclear about whether the purchased product is for domestic use, for export, or for re-export.
For help with export compliance contact mitch@52.91.45.227
Fair Tide
Proud to say that I have joined the board of directors of Fair Tide. The mission of Fair Tide is to provide short-term affordable housing in a safe dignified setting for people who are homeless. With the help of the community, Fair Tide will provide advocacy, support and referrals to assist residents in their move toward permanent housing, financial stability and self-sufficiency.
info@ fairtide.org